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Peritonitis

Professional Name Peritonitis

Summary

Peritonitis describes an inflammation of the peritoneum. It is usually caused by an infection. If peritonitis is left untreated, it could spread through blood to organs. It can be fatal. An immediate stationary treatment in the hospital is necessary.

Description

Peritonitis is an inflammation of the peritoneum that is the thin tissue that lines the inner wall of the abdomen and covers most of the abdominal organs. Peritonitis is usually caused by an infection from bacteria.

Occurrence + Symptoms

There are two main types of peritonitis: 1) Primary spontaneous peritonitis: it is an infection that starts in the peritoneum. The highest risk for it is water in the abdomen (ascites), which often develops in advanced liver diseases. 2) Secondary peritonitis: it develops when, due to an injury or infection in any abdominal organ, bacteria reach the abdominal cavity. The common risks include trauma to the abdomen and abdominal surgery. A very common cause of peritonitis is an appendicitis. A peritonitis is always a life-threatening condition. With peritonitis symptoms like fever, chills, excessive fatigue, less urination, nausea and vomiting, rapid heartbeat and shortness of breath may appear. Because the peritoneum is very sensitive, patients suffer from debilitating abdominal pain, which only remits in rest with cocked legs.

Consequences + Treatment

Treatment will depend on what is the cause of the specific peritonitis. The cause must be identified promptly. It is recommended to immediately start to treat the infection with intravenous antibiotics. Other treatments like intravenous fluids, drugs to maintain the blood pressure and nutritional support will depend on specific situation. Secondary peritonitis often needs surgery in order to remove the focus of bacterial infection.

Possible symptoms of the disease:

rebound tenderness, abdominal guarding, abdominal pain ('stomach ache'), fever, temperature
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