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Coronary heart disease

Professional Name Coronary artery disease

Summary

Coronary artery disease is a hardening of the arteries in the arteries of the heart and can cause circulatory disorders with accompanying chest pain (angina pectoris), a heart attack, or even sudden death from heart failure.

Description

Coronary artery disease is a hardening of the arteries of the heart (arteriosclerosis). It leads to a narrowing of the arteries as well as a reduction in the circulation of blood to the muscles of the heart and the symptoms associated with that.

Occurrence + Symptoms

Coronary artery disease is common predominantly in developed countries. Risk factors for coronary artery disease and the same as those for arteriosclerosis: high blood pressure (hypertension), smoking, increased blood lipid levels (especially cholesterol), age, heart attacks (in related family members), diabetes, being overweight, a diet rich in calories and fats, lack of exercise, and high levels of stress. Decreased blood supply to the heart muscles leads to symptoms typical of angina pectoris with feelings of tightness in the chest and a pressure on the chest that radiates out to the throat or the left arm. Symptoms may feel similar to those of heartburn. Symptoms usually manifest during periods of effort, psychological stress, or in cold conditions and disappear within 15 minutes.

Consequences + Treatment

If a plaque built up in a vessel detaches, the coronary artery is then closed and cause a heart attack, which is the dying off of part of the heart’s own muscles caused by lack of blood. Symptoms typically include intense, long-lasting angina pectoris that does not improve, accompanied by nausea, cold sweats, and shortness of breath. In the worst case, a heart attack can lead to death, so if the above mentioned symptoms occur it is an emergency situation and a hospital visit is necessary. In order to prevent coronary artery disease, it’s important to get regular daily exercise, eat a Mediterranean-style diet (little fat, lots of vegetables, fish, and fiber), avoiding nicotine (quitting is best), and keeping blood sugar, blood pressure, and blood lipid levels in check. To clarify the causes for angina pectoris, you should visit a specialist in cardiology. Treatment depends on the severity of the disease (see the article on heart attacks).

Possible symptoms of the disease:

chest pain, chest tightness, oppressive feeling in the chest, cold sweats, going black before the eyes, blackout, heartburn, shortness of breath, tiredness, fatigue, feeling of weakness, unconsciousness (short), shock, weight gain
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